As warmer weather arrives, rodents, such as mice, that may have taken shelter in garages, sheds, and tall grass are heading outdoors. Unfortunately, they could be leaving behind a dangerous virus that poses a serious health risk to those who come into contact with their droppings, urine, or saliva. Hantavirus is one such virus that can be deadly and is often spread by rodents, especially deer mice.

The Dangers of Hantavirus

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlights the dangers of hantavirus, a family of viruses that can lead to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome (HFRS). These two conditions can be life-threatening if left untreated, particularly hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which attacks the lungs. The virus is transmitted when people inhale airborne particles from infected rodent droppings, urine, or saliva.

The most well-known case of hantavirus in recent years was the death of Betsy Arakawa, wife of actor Gene Hackman, who passed away from hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in February. Studies show that approximately 38% of individuals who develop the respiratory symptoms of hantavirus may not survive.

Symptoms of Hantavirus Infection

Hantavirus symptoms usually appear one to eight weeks after exposure and start off flu-like, including fatigue, fever, and muscle aches. Around half of those affected also experience headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Within four to 10 days, individuals may develop coughing and shortness of breath, leading to severe respiratory issues.

While HFRS is more common in Asia and Europe, the U.S. sees cases of Seoul hantavirus, which affects the kidneys. Symptoms of this disease can include severe headaches, abdominal pain, back pain, fever, chills, blurred vision, and nausea. If not properly treated, the virus can lead to acute kidney failure.

Cleaning Tips for Rodent-Infested Areas

Utah public health officials have issued a warning about the risks of hantavirus when cleaning areas that may be contaminated with rodent waste. Improper cleaning, such as sweeping, can release virus particles into the air, increasing the risk of inhalation. Here are some safety steps recommended by the Utah Department of Health:

1. Ventilate Closed Spaces: Open doors and windows to air out areas like garages, sheds, and cabins.

2. Trap Mice: Set traps to capture mice before you begin cleaning.

3. Use Disinfectants: Apply a disinfectant spray to areas with droppings or nests and wait 15–20 minutes before cleaning.

4. Avoid Sweeping: Never sweep rodent droppings, as this can stir up infectious particles. Instead, wipe up the area with disinfectant-soaked paper towels and dispose of them immediately.

5. Seal Entry Points: Make sure to close any gaps in your home that may allow rodents to enter.

Additionally, the CDC recommends taking precautions when working or engaging in outdoor activities, such as camping and hiking, where exposure to rodents is possible. People who experience early symptoms of hantavirus, especially with a history of rodent exposure, should contact a healthcare provider right away.

Preventive Measures and Safe Cleaning Steps

To reduce the risk of hantavirus infection, follow these key preventive measures:

• Keep food sources and water away from areas where rodents could access them.

• Seal holes inside and outside your home to prevent rodent entry.

• Keep areas where rodents may nest (like compost piles) far from your home.

When cleaning rodent-contaminated areas:

1. Wear gloves: Use rubber or plastic gloves to handle potentially contaminated materials.

2. Disinfect: Spray affected areas with a bleach solution or an EPA-registered disinfectant.

3. Clean surfaces: Wipe down surfaces with paper towels and mop floors with disinfectant.

4. Dispose of waste: Immediately throw away used paper towels and disinfect the trash can.

5. Wash hands: Thoroughly wash hands with soap and water after removing gloves.

By following these guidelines, you can significantly reduce the risk of exposure to hantavirus and keep your family safe as the weather warms and rodents leave their winter nests.

Final Thoughts

Though hantavirus infection is rare, it is deadly in many cases. Health experts advise anyone working in rodent-infested areas to take the proper precautions when cleaning, especially in areas like sheds, garages, or other outdoor spaces where mice are known to take shelter. Remember, early detection of symptoms and prompt medical attention can make all the difference in preventing severe illness or death from hantavirus.

Stay vigilant, stay safe, and take action to protect your health from the threat posed by rodents and the viruses they carry.