Colonel Michael Randrianirina Assumes Control

Madagascar’s military leader, Colonel Michael Randrianirina, is set to be sworn in as the country’s transitional president on October 17, 2025, following the ousting of President Andry Rajoelina. The announcement came from state television and social media platforms, confirming the country’s leadership transition amid growing protests and political unrest.

In response to the coup, the African Union (AU) has suspended Madagascar from the bloc, citing concerns over the unconstitutional change of power. The United Nations also expressed deep concern regarding the stability and legality of the leadership shift.

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Background: Coup and Protests

Rajoelina, who fled the country over the weekend and was later impeached by lawmakers, condemned the military takeover and refused to step down. The coup followed weeks of youth-led protests by a movement calling itself Gen Z Madagascar, along with civic groups and labor unions, demanding political reform, better governance, and job opportunities.

Colonel Randrianirina led a rebellion siding with the demonstrators, effectively removing Rajoelina from power. Citizens in the capital, Antananarivo, cheered as the elite CAPSAT military unit paraded through the streets, signaling popular support for the takeover.

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Socioeconomic Context Behind the Protests

The demonstrations reflected deep-rooted frustrations among Madagascar’s population of approximately 30 million. Protesters highlighted chronic issues including:

• Water and electricity shortages
• Limited access to higher education
• Government corruption
• Widespread poverty affecting roughly three-quarters of the population, according to the World Bank

Safika, a youth protest leader, said, “The takeover was an awakening of the people. It was launched by the youth. And the military supported us.” Randrianirina has promised national elections within two years to restore civilian governance.

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Randrianirina’s Political Background

Colonel Randrianirina, commander of the CAPSAT military unit, has long criticized Rajoelina’s administration. In 2023, he was reportedly imprisoned for several months for plotting a coup. His swift alignment with protesters this month facilitated a military-backed transition, drawing both domestic support and international scrutiny.

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International Reaction

The African Union condemned the military takeover, announcing Madagascar’s suspension from the regional bloc. The United Nations expressed concern over the unconstitutional change in leadership and urged a return to democratic processes. The situation remains closely monitored by neighboring countries and global organizations due to potential regional stability implications.