New Delhi: As the vibrant celebrations of Diwali fade, Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) are once again grappling with a familiar and increasingly alarming problem: post-Diwali air pollution. The toxic haze that lingers over the city in the days following the festival is more than just an environmental issue—it is a major public health concern affecting people across all age groups. While much of the focus has traditionally been on respiratory issues, experts are now emphasizing that the impact of this pollution extends far beyond the lungs, affecting eye health as well.
According to the latest readings from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), particulate matter (PM2.5) levels have surged dramatically following the festival. Such high concentrations of fine particles in the air are capable of penetrating deep into the lungs, exacerbating conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases, while simultaneously irritating the eyes. Many residents report symptoms such as persistent coughing, wheezing, burning sensation, redness, watering, and dryness of eyes, and disturbed sleep due to poor air quality.
In this context, Dr Arunachalam M, senior consultant and pulmonologist at Yatharth Hospital, Noida, shared his insights on the health hazards posed by post-Diwali pollution and practical strategies to safeguard both lungs and eyes. Speaking with HT Lifestyle, Dr Arunachalam described the situation as a concerning but recurring pattern. “After Diwali, the skies turn black, eyes become red, the elderly struggle to breathe, and hospitals see a surge in respiratory emergencies. This has unfortunately become the new normal, but it should not be,” he said. “The air in Delhi-NCR becomes laden with smoke and dust, creating a dense, heavy atmosphere that is harmful to everyone, especially children, senior citizens, and people with pre-existing lung conditions.”
Beyond Masks: Understanding the Threat
While masks and air purifiers are commonly recommended during periods of poor air quality, Dr Arunachalam warns that many people underestimate the impact on eye health. He notes that the smog, which often appears as dense fog, is actually highly toxic particulate matter that can irritate the eyes and damage the respiratory system.
“Most people focus solely on breathing issues and rely on masks or staying indoors. However, the eyes are equally vulnerable. After Diwali, we see a surge in complaints about burning, redness, watering, and irritation,” Dr Arunachalam explained. “Children tend to rub their eyes, elders feel discomfort, and even those without respiratory problems may develop eye irritation. Asthma patients face a dual challenge of both breathing difficulties and eye problems, which can exacerbate their overall health risk.”
The pulmonologist stresses that a comprehensive approach is necessary to protect both the lungs and eyes during periods of elevated air pollution. This includes combining preventive measures indoors and outdoors, nutritional support, and careful monitoring of vulnerable individuals.
Practical Tips to Protect Your Lungs and Eyes
Dr Arunachalam outlines six essential measures that residents of Delhi-NCR can adopt to minimize the impact of post-Diwali pollution on their health:
- Avoid Outdoor Activities When Air Quality is Poor
One of the simplest yet most effective measures is to limit outdoor exposure during times when the Air Quality Index (AQI) exceeds 150. This is particularly important for children, elderly people, and individuals with chronic respiratory conditions. Even routine activities such as jogging, walking, or commuting on foot should be minimized during peak pollution hours. - Protect Your Eyes When Stepping Outside
If venturing outdoors is unavoidable, protective eyewear can reduce irritation caused by smoke and dust particles. Wearing glasses or goggles can help shield the eyes from direct contact with pollutants, preventing burning, redness, and excessive watering. - Keep Eyes Clean and Moisturized
Frequent washing of the face with clean water helps remove particulate matter that may accumulate around the eyes. Additionally, the use of lubricant eye drops without preservatives can help maintain eye moisture and comfort. Dr Arunachalam emphasizes that these drops can reduce dryness and irritation, which are common in polluted environments. - Maintain Indoor Air Quality
Indoor spaces are not immune to pollution, but certain steps can help reduce exposure indoors. Keeping windows and doors closed during peak smog hours is essential. Using air purifiers with HEPA filters can remove fine particles from indoor air. Additionally, maintaining indoor plants such as money plants or areca palm can improve air quality by naturally filtering pollutants. - Eat a Nutrition-Rich Diet
Nutrition plays a supportive role in enhancing resilience against air pollution. Dr Arunachalam recommends incorporating carrots, spinach, oranges, and nuts into daily meals, as these foods are rich in antioxidants and nutrients that support eye and lung health. A balanced diet can help the body cope with oxidative stress caused by pollutants. - Extra Care for Asthma Patients
Individuals with asthma or other chronic respiratory conditions must exercise heightened caution. Carrying an inhaler at all times is essential, avoiding exposure to smoke, and seeking medical attention immediately if symptoms such as cough, wheezing, or shortness of breath worsen. Close monitoring and adherence to prescribed medications are critical during high-pollution periods.
The Importance of Awareness and Prevention
Dr Arunachalam emphasizes that small, consistent habits can significantly reduce the health risks posed by pollution. “With simple measures like avoiding outdoor activities during peak pollution, protecting the eyes, keeping indoor air clean, and maintaining a proper diet, we can protect ourselves, our children, and our elderly family members,” he said. “Prevention is always better than cure, and public awareness is key. People need to understand that the post-Diwali smog is not just inconvenient—it is a serious health hazard.”
He also notes that schools, workplaces, and public institutions should actively monitor air quality and make accommodations when the AQI reaches dangerous levels. Ensuring that children, the elderly, and sensitive populations remain in clean air environments is critical to minimizing long-term health consequences.
Long-Term Implications of Post-Diwali Pollution
Repeated exposure to high levels of particulate matter and toxic gases can have lasting effects on health. In addition to acute respiratory symptoms and eye irritation, long-term exposure increases the risk of chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and vision-related issues. Children are particularly vulnerable, as their lungs and eyes are still developing. Elderly individuals and people with pre-existing health conditions are also at higher risk for complications.
Dr Arunachalam calls for both individual responsibility and government action. While people can take preventive measures at home, broader interventions such as regulation of firecrackers, control of stubble burning, promotion of clean fuels, and expansion of green spaces are essential to reduce pollution at the source.
Conclusion
Post-Diwali air pollution in Delhi-NCR is a serious public health concern affecting both lungs and eyes. Residents are advised to remain vigilant, protect themselves with simple preventive measures, and prioritize health over convenience. According to Dr Arunachalam, adopting habits such as limiting outdoor exposure, protecting eyes, keeping indoor air clean, eating nutritious foods, and monitoring asthma symptoms can go a long way in reducing the harmful impact of smog.
“By taking proactive steps, we can ensure the safety and well-being of our families,” Dr Arunachalam concluded. “Even in a city like Delhi, where pollution seems unavoidable during certain times, small, consistent habits can make a significant difference. Protecting our lungs and eyes is not optional—it is essential for a healthy life.”
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding any health concerns or symptoms.
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